Substitutions
	Allspice (1 tsp.)		1/2 tsp. Cinnamon PLUS 1/2 tsp. ground cloves
	Baking Powder (1 tsp.)		1/4 tsp. Soda PLUS 1/2 tsp. Cream of Tartar
	Beef Broth (1 cup)		1 Beef bouillon cube dissolved in 1 cup boiling water
	Bread Crumbs (1 cup)		3/4 cup cracker crumbs
	Brown Sugar (1 cup)		1 cup white sugar PLUS 2 Tbls. Molasses
	Buttermilk or Sour Milk (1 cup)		1 cup fresh milk PLUS 1 Tbls. lemon juice OR vinegar OR ALSO 1 cup yogurt
	Cake Flour (1 cup)		1 cup regular flour MINUS 2 Tbls.
	Capers (1 Tbls.)		1 Tbls. chopped green olives
	Celery, fresh (1/2 cup)		1 Tbls. Celery flakes
	Chervil (1 tsp.)		1 tsp. dried Parsley flakes PLUS 1/8 tsp. rubbed, dried sage
	Chicken Broth (1 cup)		1 Chicken bouillon cube dissolved in 1 cup boiling water
	Chocolate, unsweetened (1 oz)		3 Tbls. unsweetened cocoa PLUS 1 Tbls. butter
	Cocktail Sauce (1 cup)		1 cup Ketchup PLUS 2 Tbls. Horseradish (to taste)
	Corn Syrup (1 cup)		1 cup sugar dissolved in 1/4 cup hot water
	Cornstarch, for thickening (1 Tbls.)		2 Tbls. flour OR 4 tsp. Quick-cooking tapioca OR 2 egg yolks
	Cream (1 cup)		1/2 cup butter PLUS 3/4 cup milk
	Dark Corn Syrup (1 cup)		3/4 cup light corn syrup PLUS 1/4 cup molasses
	Dry Mustard (1 tsp.)		1 Tbls. Prepared Mustard
	Egg (1 whole)		2 yolks PLUS 1 Tbls. water (for cookies) OR just 2 yolks (for custards)
	Fresh Herbs, Minced (1 Tbls.)		1 tsp. dried herbs
	Garlic Powder (1/8 tsp.)		1 average Garlic clove
	Ginger Root (1 tsp.)		3/4 tsp. ground ginger
	Honey (1 cup)		3/4 cup Sugar and 1/4 cup Liquid
	Italian Seasoning (1 tsp.)		1/4 tsp EACH of: oregano, basil, thyme, rosemary PLUS a dash of cayenne
	Juice of 1 Fresh Lemon		3-4 Tbls. Lemon Juice
	Juice of 1 Orange, fresh		6-8 Tbls. Orange juice
	Ketchup or Chili Sauce (1 cup)		1 cup tomato sauce PLUS 1/2 cup sugar AND 2 Tbls. vinegar
	Leeks, sliced (1/2 cup)		1/2 cup sliced shallots or green onions
	Light Corn Syrup (1 cup)		1 cup Sugar PLUS 1/4 cup water
	Milk, Whole (1 cup)		1/2 cup evaporated milk PLUS 1/2 cup water
	Molasses (1/2 cup)		1/2 cup dark corn syrup
	Onion (1 medium)		2 Tbls. Onion flakes
	Oregano (1 tsp.)		1 tsp. marjoram
	Pepper, fresh (1/4 cup)		1 Tbls. sweet Pepper flakes
	Poultry Seasoning ( 1 tsp.)		1/4 tsp. ground thyme PLUS 3/4 tsp. ground sage
	Pumpkin Pie Spice (1 tsp.)		1/2 tsp. Cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. Ginger AND 1/8 tsp. EACH of Nutmeg and ground Cloves
	Self-Rising Flour (1 cup)		1 cup all-purpose flour PLUS 1 1/2 tsp. baking powder AND 1/2 tsp. salt
	Sour Cream (1 cup)		1/3 cup butter AND 2/3 cup milk; OR 1 cup plain Yogurt
	Tapioca (2 tsp.)		1 Tbls. flour
	Tartar Sauce (1/2 cup)		6 Tbls. mayonnaise or salad dressing PLUS 2 Tbls. pickle relish
	Tomato Juice (1 cup)		1/2 cup tomato sauce PLUS 1/2 cup water
	Tomatoes, canned (1 cup)		1 1/3 cups cut-up, fresh tomatoes, simmered 10 minutes